Diferencias entre pacientes institucionalizados y pacientes en atención domiciliaria en la provincia de Sevilla / Differences between institutionalized patients and those included in a home care program in Seville

OBJETIVO: Conocer las características y las diferencias clínicas entre pacientes institucionalizados y los de programas de atención domiciliaria. DISEÑO: Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal multicéntrico. EMPLAZAMIENTO; Sevilla, 2016. PARTICIPANTES: Un total de 1.857 pacientes ancianos (1.441 institucionalizados y 416 en domicilio). MEDICIONES: Las variables estudiadas fueron: sexo, edad, estado civil, apoyo familiar, patologías, criterios de pluripatología y fármacos. Se valoraron el estado funcional y el cognitivo mediante las escalas de Barthel, Lawton-Brody y Pfeiffer. RESULTADOS: Un 71,40% fueron mujeres. Estadísticamente el hecho de estar institucionalizados o vivir en el domicilio se relaciona con las siguientes patologías y categorías: esquizofrenia (p < 0,001), HTA (p = 0,012), DM (p = 0,001), FA (p < 0,001) y neoplasias (p = 0, 012), A1 (p = 0,012), A2 (p < 0,001), B1 (p < 0,001), B2 (p = 0,002), C (p < 0,001), E1 (p < 0,001), E3 (p = 0,01), F2 (p < 0,01), G2 (p = 0,024) y H (p = 0,005). El promedio del índice de Barthel de la muestra fue de 49,1 ± 34,45 (IC 95%: 47,49-50,7), el de Lawton-Brody en domicilio fue de 2,33 ± 2,49 y en institucionalizados, de 1,59 ± 2,12. La media de la escala de Pfeiffer fue de 4,93 ± 3,53. CONCLUSIONES: Se asocia con la institucionalización el deterioro cognitivo, consecuencia de posibles patologías neurológicas (categoría E3) y psiquiátricas. Por el contrario, no se asocia con la comorbilidad del paciente, puesto que es muy elevada en pacientes en situación de atención domiciliaria con mejores estados de independencia funcional y cognitivo

OBJECTIVES: To describe the characteristics and clinical differences between institutionalised patients and those included in a home care program. DESIGN: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, and multicentre study. Site Seville, 2016. STUDY SUBJECTS: A total 1857 elderly patients of similar characteristics (1441 institutionalised and 416 at home) in Seville in 2016. MEASUREMENTS: The variables studied included gender, age, civil status, family support, pathologies, multiple pathology criteria, and medication prescriptions. Functional and cognitive status was evaluated using the Barthel index, and the Lawton-Brody and Pfeiffer scales. RESULTS: The majority of patients (71.40%) were women. The fact of being institutionalised or being included in a home care program were statistically related to the following pathologies and categories: schizophrenia (p < .001), arterial hypertension (p = .012), diabetes mellitus (p = .001), atrial fibrillation (p < .001), and neoplasia (p = .012), A1 (p = .012), A2 (p < .001), B1 (p < .001), B2 (p = .002), C (p < .001), E1 (p < .001), E3 (p = .01), F2 (p < .01), G2 (p = .024), and H (p = .005). The mean Barthel index of the sample was 49.1 ± 34.45 (95% confidence interval: 47.49-50.7). The mean Lawton-Brody scale in the case of patients included the home care program was 2.33 ± 2.49 and in those institutionalised 1.59 ± 2.12. The mean Pfeiffer scale was 4.93 ± 3.53. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive impairment was related to institutionalisation, being a result of possible neurological (E3 category) and psychiatric diseases. On the other hand, patient comorbidity was not related to it, because it is very high in patients included in a home care program, in whom functional and cognitive independency status is better

[Differences between institutionalized patients and those included in a home care program in Seville]. / Diferencias entre pacientes institucionalizados y pacientes en atención domiciliaria en la provincia de Sevilla.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the characteristics and clinical differences between institutionalised patients and those included in a home care program. DESIGN: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, and multicentre study. Site Seville, 2016. STUDY SUBJECTS: A total 1857 elderly patients of similar characteristics (1441 institutionalised and 416 at home) in Seville in 2016. MEASUREMENTS: The variables studied included gender, age, civil status, family support, pathologies, multiple pathology criteria, and medication prescriptions. Functional and cognitive status was evaluated using the Barthel index, and the Lawton-Brody and Pfeiffer scales. RESULTS: The majority of patients (71.40%) were women. The fact of being institutionalised or being included in a home care program were statistically related to the following pathologies and categories: schizophrenia (p<.001), arterial hypertension (p=.012), diabetes mellitus (p=.001), atrial fibrillation (p<.001), and neoplasia (p=.012), A1 (p=.012), A2 (p<.001), B1 (p<.001), B2 (p=.002), C (p<.001), E1 (p<.001), E3 (p=.01), F2 (p<.01), G2 (p=.024), and H (p=.005). The mean Barthel index of the sample was 49.1±34.45 (95% confidence interval: 47.49-50.7). The mean Lawton-Brody scale in the case of patients included the home care program was 2.33±2.49 and in those institutionalised 1.59±2.12. The mean Pfeiffer scale was 4.93±3.53. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive impairment was related to institutionalisation, being a result of possible neurological (E3 category) and psychiatric diseases. On the other hand, patient comorbidity was not related to it, because it is very high in patients included in a home care program, in whom functional and cognitive independency status is better.

Validación de un modelo pronóstico para pacientes pluripatológicos en atención primaria: Estudio PROFUND en atención primaria / Validation of a prognostic model for polypathological patients (PP) in Primary Health Care: "PROFUND STUDY-AP"

OBJETIVO: Validar el índice PROFUND, en pacientes pluripatológicos (PP) en atención primaria. DISEÑO: Estudio longitudinal prospectivo multicéntrico, seguimiento 2 años. Emplazamiento: Tres centros de salud de la provincia de Sevilla .Sujetos: Adultos pluripatológicos, con consentimiento a participar; muestreo consecutivo. Mediciones: Variable dependiente: mortalidad (2 años). Variables independientes: sociodemográficas, clínicas, antropométricas, analíticas, prescripción farmacológica, valoración funcional, cognitiva, sociofamiliar y uso de recursos sanitarios. Fuente: entrevista presencial e historia clínica. Análisis estadístico univariado y multivariado según variables. La validación fue desarrollada mediante calibración por terciles de riesgo y análisis del poder discriminativo según curvas ROC. Finalmente la precisión del índice fue comparada con el índice de Charlson. RESULTADOS: se incluyeron 446 sujetos (53,8% hombres); edad media 75,44 (IC 95% 74,58-76,31). Media de categorías diagnósticas 2,37 (IC 95% 2,30-2,44). Categorías más prevalentes: A (64,1%), F (41,7%) y E (33,5%). Mortalidad (2 años) fue 24,1%. La mortalidad pronosticada/observada en los tres estratos de riesgo establecidos fue del 16%/16.7% para los PP con 0-2 puntos, 22%/19.5% para los PP con 3-6, y 34%/36% para los PP con 7 o más puntos (bondad de ajuste de Hosmer-Lemeshow con p = 0,119). El poder de discriminación del PROFUND en AP obtuvo un área bajo la curva ROC de 0,622 (IC 95% 0,556-0,689; p < 0,001), y el índice de Charlson 0,510 (IC 0,446-0,575; p > 0,05). CONCLUSIONES: el índice PROFUND mantiene una buena calibración reagrupado a tres estratos de riesgo, así como una buena precisión en el pronóstico a los dos años para poblaciones de pacientes pluripatológicos de atención primaria

AIMS: to validate the PROFUND index in PP in Primary Health Care (PHC).DESIGN: two-year prospective multicenter study. Location: three health care centers in Seville Province (Spain).Subjects of the assessment: PP with signed informed consent. Sample: n = 446 (p = 20%; a = 5%; b = 99%); consecutive sampling. Measurement: Dependent variable: mortality (2 years). Independent variables: socio-demography, clinic, anthropometric, laboratory, pharmacologic prescriptions, functional, cognitive and socio-familiar evaluation and the use of health resources. Information source: interview with patients and clinical charts. Statistical Analysis: uni and multivariate analysis according to the variables; Accuracy was assessed in the cohort by risk terciles calibration, and discrimination power, by ROC curves. Finally, accuracy of the index was compared with that of the Charlson index. RESULTS: 446 subjects were included (53.8% men); average age was 75.44 yr (Confidence interval95% 74.58-76.31). Average of diagnostic categories was 2.37 (Confidence interval 95% 2.30-2.44). Prevalent categories were: A (64.1%), F (41.7%) and E (33.5%). Mortality within 2 years was 24.1%.Calibration in predicted/observed mortality along the three established risk strata was 16%/16.7% for PP with 0-2 points, 22%/19.5% for PP with 3-6, and 34%/36% for PP with 7 or more points (Hosmer-Leme show test with p = 0.119). Discrimination power of PHC PROFUND's by areaunder the curve was (AUC) ROC was 0.622 (Confidence interval 95% 0.556-0.689; p < 0.001), and that of Charlson index 0.510 (Confidence interval 95% 0.446 - 0.575; p > 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The PROFUND index is a good indicative tool in the stratification of 2-year mortality risk polypathological patients in PHC

Perceived quality of healthcare in a multicenter, community-based population of polypathological patients.

The objective was to determine perceived quality of care (PQC) in patients with multiple chronic conditions, whose care is structured in Andalusia (Spain) under polypathological patients (PP) care process, and identifying aspects for its improvement. The study was a community-based cross-sectional survey carried out in 4 primary care centers (which attended a total of 62,702 adults, of them, 662 were actively identified as PP). Finally, 461 PP and their caregivers were interviewed (69% of eligible population) including assessment of PQC following SERVQUAL model, clinical and demographical data. On a five-point Likert scale (from 1, 'much worse than expected'; to 5, 'much better'), PQC rated 3.68±0.59 (±S.D.). Independent PQC predictors were: empathy for family physician, identifying nurses, presence of peripheral artery disease or diabetes mellitus with vascular complications, and not having functional limitations. In this population-based survey, PP attended at primary care have an acceptable PQC. Measures aimed to lessening functional deterioration, supporting dependent patients, and improving relationship between PP and their healthcare professionals could increase PQC.

[Overload felt by the figure of the main caregiver in a cohort of patients with multiple pathologies]. / Sobrecarga sentida por la figura del cuidador principal en una cohorte de pacientes pluripatológicos.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the profile of the main caregiver (MC) and the factors associated with her/his care burden, in a multi-centre cohort of patients with multiple pathologies (PMP). DESIGN: Multi-centre cross-sectional study. SETTING: Four health districts in the Virgen del Rocío University Hospitals Health Area, Seville, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: The PMP cohort was created by checking all the patients who satisfied the health department criteria for PMP (2002): patients suffering from chronic diseases in 2 or more of the 7 clinical categories defined. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The profile of PMP caregiver was determined for all patients. The caregiver strain index (CSI) was determined by the index of care stress (ICS). Predictive factors were analysed by the Student t, ANOVA, and Pearson's tests. Multivariate analysis was performed by a forward stepwise linear regression model. RESULTS: The interview was attended by 461 (69%) out of 662 eligible PMP. Of these, 293 (63.6%) had an MC whose mean age was 62 (15) years; 80% of them were women. First-degree relatives made up 88% of caregivers, with spouses 49.7% of them (n=146). In 41.5%, the CSI was >7 points (mean CSI was 5.35 [3.5]). This was higher in those caring for PMP with neurological illnesses (7 [3.2 vs 4.5 [3.3]; P=.0001). The CSI was compared directly with the medical vulnerability of the PMP (R=0.37; P=.001), cognitive deterioration on the Pfeiffer scale (PS) (R=0.4; P=.0001), and inversely with functional status on Barthel's scale (BS) (R=-0.67; P=.0001). Patient's age (P=.03), his/her medical vulnerability (P=.016) and functional (P< .0001) and cognitive (P=.019) deterioration were independently associated with the CSI. CONCLUSIONS: The profile of the MC of the PMP cohort corresponded mainly to first-degree female relatives around sixty years old. The burden of care was high in more than a third of them. Predictive factors were age, medical vulnerability, and the functional and cognitive deterioration of the PMP.

Sobrecarga sentida por la figura del cuidador principal en una cohorte de pacientes pluripatológicos / Overload felt by the figure of the main caregiver in a cohort of patients with multiple pathologies

Objetivo. Conocer el perfil del cuidador principal (CP) y los factores relacionados con la sobrecarga sentida, en una cohorte multicéntrica de pacientes pluripatológicos (PP). Diseño. Estudio transversal, multicéntrico. Emplazamiento. Cuatro zonas básicas de salud del área sanitaria de los Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla. Participantes. La cohorte de PP se generó prospectivamente mediante el censado de todos los pacientes que cumplían los criterios de PP de la Consejería de Salud (2002): aquellos que tienen enfermedades crónicas de dos o más de las 7 categorías clínicas definidas. Mediciones principales. El perfil del cuidador se determinó a todos los PP. El cansancio del CP se determinó mediante el índice de esfuerzo del cuidador (IEC). Los factores predictores se analizaron mediante los tests de la t de Student, ANOVA y Pearson. Posteriormente se realizó una regresión lineal multivariable paso a paso hacia delante. Resultados. Accedieron a la entrevista 461 (69% de los 662 elegibles) PP; 293 (63,6%) pacientes tenían CP, que en el 88% eran familiares de primer grado (146 [49,7%] de ellos, el cónyuge), de 62 ± 15 años de edad, y el 80%, mujeres. El IEC fue > 7 puntos en el 41,5% y en general fue 5,35 ± 3,5, mayor en los que cuidaban de PP con enfermedades neurológicas (7 ± 3,2 frente a 4,5 ± 3,3; p < 0,0001). El IEC se correlacionó directamente con la vulnerabilidad clínica del PP (R = 0,37; p < 0,001), con el deterioro cognitivo por escala de Pfeiffer (R = 0,4; p < 0,0001), e inversamente con la situación funcional por índice de Barthel (R = ­0,67; p < 0,0001). La edad del paciente (p = 0,03), su vulnerabilidad clínica (p = 0,016) y el deterioro funcional (p < 0,0001) y cognitivo (p = 0,019) predijeron de forma independiente el IEC. Conclusiones. El perfil del CP de los PP se correspondió con mujeres familiares en primer grado de unos 60 años. Más de la tercera parte estaban sobrecargadas; los factores predictores fueron la edad, la vulnerabilidad clínica y el deterioro funcional y cognitivo del PP

Objective. To determine the profile of the main caregiver (MC) and the factors associated with her/his care burden, in a multi-centre cohort of patients with multiple pathologies (PMP). Design. Multi-centre cross-sectional study. Setting. Four health districts in the Virgen del Rocío University Hospitals Health Area, Seville, Spain. Participants. The PMP cohort was created by checking all the patients who satisfied the health department criteria for PMP (2002): patients suffering from chronic diseases in 2 or more of the 7 clinical categories defined. Main measurements. The profile of PMP caregiver was determined for all patients. The caregiver strain index (CSI) was determined by the index of care stress (ICS). Predictive factors were analysed by the Student t, ANOVA, and Pearson's tests. Multivariate analysis was performed by a forward stepwise linear regression model. Results. The interview was attended by 461 (69%) out of 662 eligible PMP. Of these, 293 (63.6%) had an MC whose mean age was 62 (15) years; 80% of them were women. First-degree relatives made up 88% of caregivers, with spouses 49.7% of them (n=146). In 41.5%, the CSI was >7 points (mean CSI was 5.35 [3.5]). This was higher in those caring for PMP with neurological illnesses (7 [3.2 vs 4.5 [3.3]; P=.0001). The CSI was compared directly with the medical vulnerability of the PMP (R=0.37; P=.001), cognitive deterioration on the Pfeiffer scale (PS) (R=0.4; P=.0001), and inversely with functional status on Barthel's scale (BS) (R=­0.67; P=.0001). Patient's age (P=.03), his/her medical vulnerability (P=.016) and functional (P<.0001) and cognitive (P=.019) deterioration were independently associated with the CSI. Conclusions. The profile of the MC of the PMP cohort corresponded mainly to first-degree female relatives around sixty years old. The burden of care was high in more than a third of them. Predictive factors were age, medical vulnerability, and the functional and cognitive deterioration of the PMP